Anping District (traditional Chinese: 安平區; pinyin: ĀnpíngQū; Wade-Giles: An-p'ing Ch'ü; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: An-pêng-khu) is a district of Tainan City. The history of Anping dates back to the 17th century, when Dutch East India Company occupied Tayuan/Tayoan/Tayouan/Tayowan (Chinese characters: 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣, referring to the Sirayan origin of the modern name Taiwan). In the period of the Japanese occupation, the history of trade between China and Japan unfolded at Anping.

Anping was originally a small island separated from the mainland of Tainan until the 19th century. Due to the ocean current, the small lagoon between Anping island and Tainan was silted up and gradually disappeared, and Anping became a part of Tainan.